...It Tolls for Thieu

"American Monument in Southeast Asia" by Frank Miller in Des Moines Register, March 20, 1975

Two weeks ago, our Graphical History Tour visited southeast Asia for the 50th anniversary of the fall of Phnom Penh to the communist Khmer Rouge. Today, we return for Part Thieu.

"We're Gettin' Out of Here" by Dave Engelhardt in St. Louis Post-Dispatch, April 1, 1975

North Vietnam launched a full-scale invasion of the South in January, 1975, its People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (properly, the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam)  racking up a string of victories. As it became crystal clear that the U.S. Calvary was not going to ride in to save the day, South Vietnamese President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu pulled back the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) for a last-ditch, desperate bid to protect his capital, then known as Saigon.

"We Would Be Much Braver Than This" by Pat Oliphant in Washington [DC] Star, ca. Apr. 3, 1975

ARVN’s hurried retreat left  military hardware abandoned in its wake, and ran through the panicked evacuation of civilians. Anyone with any connection to civilian government or the U.S. military fled in fear for their lives, with whatever they could carry.

The Chicago Tribune reported isolated instances of Americans in the path of the retreat being robbed by ARVN soldiers. The report quoted an anonymous Westerner that, "The South Vietnamese soldier feels he has been stabbed in the back by the Americans. He feels that he has had to suffer because of the war, but Americans come and go in Vietnam, brandishing their dollars, and he feels they owe him something, anything."

by Jeff MacNelly in Richmond [VA] News-Leader, ca. Mar. 30, 1975 

That report quoted an American teacher in Saigon: "The Vietnamese people are convinced that America has betrayed them. They believe we led them into the battle, then ran away and left them to fight. They have very little respect for us as a people."

On the other hand, a Vietnamese teacher at a Catholic school told the same reporter, "Americans have a tremendous guilt complex about what they have done in our country, the mistakes they have ade, and now they feel everybody here hates them for it. Actually, the Vietnamese people don't hate the Americans, they just don't understand them. But who does?"

"Selling It to Congress Won't Be Easy" by Wayne Stayskal in Chicago Tribune, April 13, 1975

Acknowledging that the United States still had an obligation to the people who had relied on American promises, the Ford Administration opened the doors to as many Cambodian and South Vietnamese refugees as wanted to come to the U.S. 

In a joint effort, the U.S. military and Immigration and Naturalization Services (predecessor to today's ICE) scrambled to accommodate an estimated 120,000 refugees.

"Can the Congress Be So Calloused" by Hugh Haynie in Louisville Courier-Journal, April 16, 1975

The airlift started with Cambodian and Vietnamese children — mostly given up by terrified parents — arriving a Camp Pendleton, California, to be adopted by American parents. Then came whole families, sponsored by religious congregations and civic groups until they could make a living for themselves in a country where nobody spoke their language.

Sponsoring agencies had to commit to finding housing and jobs for the refugees, most of whom arrived with little more than the clothes on their backs, whatever their circumstances might have been back home.

"There Goes the Old Neighborhood" by Dick Locher in Chicago Tribune, May 11, 1975

The cost of caring for the refugees while they were in temporary camps awaiting resettlement was predicted to cost $500 million (in 1975 dollars, or nearly $3 billion today). Inevitably, Americans being Americans, resistance and resentment soon arose to the wave of  strangers who would supposedly — this may sound familiar — eat the neighborhood dogs and the cats. 

U.S. News & World Report described refugees as "a motley mixture, from professors to bar girls." Columnist Nicholas von Hoffman accused some of being "the pimps, madams, and hijackers of American food and material" and "the torturers from Gen. Thieu's political police."

"Thank God It's All Thieu's Fault" by Tom Curtis in Milwaukee Sentinel, April 3, 1975

Nguyễn Văn Thiệu had been President of South Vietnam since 1967. What opposition there was to his rule was unable to unite around any rival leader during elections in 1971.

Refugees fleeing south as the communists advanced "are voting with their feet," wrote National Observer columnist James M. Perry. "Trouble is, there is no one for them to elect. The army is in panic, the Thieu regime is broken, and Thieu himself is finally exposed as the pusillanimous fraud he has always been."

by David E. Seavey in National Observer, Washington DC, April 12, 1975

Thiệu resigned the presidency on April 22 in a rambling speech in which he revealed that to get him to sign the 1973 Paris Peace Accord, then-President Richard Nixon had promised that the U.S. military would return if the peace failed. Tearfully blaming the U.S. for his plight, he told his nation, "I never thought that a man like Mr. Secretary of State Kissinger would deliver our people to such a disastrous fate. ... If the Americans don't want to support us any more, let them go, get out! Let them forget their humanitarian promises!"

"King Rat" by Paul Szep in Boston Globe, April 22, 1975

Thiệu turned the government over to his ailing 72-year-old Vice President, Trần Văn Hương, who then resigned, succeeded by ARVN General Dương Văn Minh, 59. A leader of the 1963 coup that overthrew Ngô Đình Diệm, "Big Minh" had nevertheless earned a reputation for indecision.

Three days after ascending to the presidency, with PAVN advancing into Saigon and the U.S. hastily evacuating its embassy, Minh ordered ARVN to lay down its arms and surrendered to North Vietnam. Having offered no resistance to the victorious North, he was allowed to retire in peace, but eventually left for France.

"Will the Last One Out..." by Wayne Stayskal in Chicago Tribune, April 27, 1975

Thiệu retired to the United States, living out his days here in obscurity. He died at age 78 in Boston, Massachusetts on September 29, 2001 after suffering a stroke.

Q Toon: This Boycott's for You

Two years ago this month, transphobes got their knickers in a knot over Budweiser for signing transgender internet personality Dylan Mulvaney on to advertise their light beer. Mulvaney, a stage actor and comedian, had documented her transition on TikTok during the COVID lockdown, gaining millions of followers.

She became enough of a celebrity to snag an interview with President Joe Biden, raising the dander of the likes of Senator Marcia Blackburn (R-I Want to See Your Manager). Then Budweiser's parent company, Anheuser-Busch, entered the picture.  

On April 1, Mulvaney shared a video promoting Bud Light as part of a partnership with the beer. She appears dressed as the “Breakfast at Tiffany’s” character, Holly Golightly, while joking about confusing the meaning of the term “March Madness.” While some people were celebrating sports that month, Mulvaney said she was celebrating a milestone with her “365 Days of Girlhood” series, the one-year mark since her transition. Bud Light gave her a custom can of their beer with her face on it to commemorate the milestone.

And the right wingnuts went, well, nuts.

Fox Noisemakers, Republican Congresskarens, and southern Governors called for a nationwide boycott of the beer. Bubbas TikTokked themselves running over cans of Bud Light with their pick-ups, and Kid Rock famously shot up three cases of the stuff with a semiautomatic rifle.

At the time, an Anheuser-Busch spokesman defended its partnership with Mulvaney, issuing a statement that the company “works with hundreds of influencers across our brands as one of many ways to authentically connect with audiences across various demographics."

Harvard Business Review reported that sales of Bud Light fell by nearly a third over the rest of 2023. The company's President of Operations loudly quit, blaming DEI for Bud's problems and joining up with anti-diversity activist Vivek Ramaswami (remember him?) to promote Conformity, Inequity, and Exclusion.

Two years on, we have a White House mandating trans-bashing, and Budweiser has hired Shane Gillis as their advertising spokesbubba. And in March, Anheuser-Busch announced that it would no longer be a sponsor of the LGBTQ+ Pride Festival in St. Louis, or anywhere else. The announcement of the end of a partnership begun in 1995 was a front page banner headline in St. Louis Post-Dispatch and has prompted a new boycott from the other side of the sociopolitical gulf. It has also left a gaping hole in Pride St. Louis finances.

"It was just interesting that the longest partner of ours for 30 years that they've been at the table with us and a true ally just decided to walk away after basically just saying that they just don't see the value in it anymore," Pride St. Louis President Marty Zuniga said Tuesday.

Now personally, I've never been a Bud Light drinker in the first place. It's yellowish water that foams a bit if you pour it enthusiastically, and I prefer something with considerably more body and flavor. Something that will satisfy my thirst after one or two mugs, say, a porter, stout, or lager. So my contribution to any boycott will be negligible.

Unless you calculate my boycott starting from my 18th birthday.

This Week's Sneak Peek

Instead of the usual snippet from this week's upcoming syndicated cartoon, here's one from a little over 28 years ago:

in InStep, Milwaukee Wis., Dec. 11, 1997

For those of you under drinking age in 1997, Anheuser-Busch had recently replaced a trio of animated frogs who croaked "Bud... wei... ser" in their television commercials with a pair of lizards with a more extensive vocabulary.

As for the reason for the cartoon: Thomas Martin, a former manager at Anheuser-Busch's Los Angeles brewery, filed a lawsuit claiming that he had been harassed and fired for being openly gay. In pre-trial depositions, Anheuser-Busch manager Bob Warner admitted having told Martin that "to tell co-workers that you are gay is unbecoming of a manager and will result in your termination." 

Warner and other managers testified hearing the words "fag" and "faggot" at work often, but counter-claimed that Martin was fired for having committed "sexual harassment and sexual misconduct" of two employees.

The case was to come to trial on December 1, 1997; Anheuser-Busch settled the case out of court for an undisclosed monetary amount.

♫

Here’s another recording of Schoenberg’s “Verlassen.” 

The Odds and Ends of March

We’ll return for The Fall of Indochina, Part Thieu, next week; but first, our Graphical History Tour steps back a further fifty years with a warning that March is almost over.

"This Is April First Anyhow" by Clifford Berryman in Washington Evening Star, April 1, 1925

President Woodrow Wilson had broken off relations with Russia immediately after the Bolshevik October Revolution in 1917, and that policy continued under Presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover in spite of commercial ties between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. At issue, beside the communist form of government, was the Soviet renunciation of international debts incurred by the tsarist regime.

"Anti-League-ville" by J.N. "Ding" Darling in Collier's, April 4, 1925

"Ding" Darling's cartoon will serve to segue from Russia to Germany, which held presidential elections one hundred years ago today.

"Um die Meisterschaft von Deutschland" by Arthur Johnson in Kladderadatsch, Berlin, March 29, 1925

The first round of presidential elections was held on Sunday, March 29 because of the death of President Friedrich Ebert a month earlier.

Johnson pictures seven candidates in this cartoon. The top row are the mainstream party candidates: Karl Jarres (German People's/DVP and German National People's/DNVP), Wilhelm Marx (Center/DZ), Willy Hugo Hellpach (German Democratic/DDP), Otto Braun (Social Democratic/SPD).

Below are the extremist parties: Erich Ludendorf (German People's Freedom/DVFP), and Ernst Thälmann (Communist/KPD). Ludendorf, a German army commander, was prominent in the attempted Nazi putsches of 1920 and 1923, and a firm believer that Germany's defeat in World War I was due to a conspiracy of domestic Jews, Freemasons, and Marxists.

"In der Reichs-Entbindungsanstalt" by Arthur Johnson in Kladderadatsch, Berlin, April 5, 1925

With seven national candidates, none emerged with a majority of the votes on March 30, setting up a second round election a month later. Under the German electoral system, any of the first round candidates — even new candidates — could compete in the second round, and whichever candidate received a plurality of the votes in the second round would be declared the winner.

The Center Party renominated Marx for the second round, and he received the support of the DDP and SPD as well. The DVP's executive committee unanimously endorsed Jarres, but he withdrew in favor of Paul von Hindenburg, despite his having twice declined to run. Convinced by Alfred von Tirpitz to change his mind, and after seeking the approval of former Kaiser Wilhelm Hohenzollern, von Hindenburg announced his candidacy on April 8. He also won the enthusiastic endorsement of the Bavarian People's Party (BVP), a breakaway faction of the Center Party.

"Wilhelm Still Has Some Friends" by Wm. A. Rogers in New York World by March 31, 1925

William Rogers probably made up those four votes for the former Kaiser Wilhelm in his cartoon. It's hard to imagine the deposed emperor putting his name forward for popular election.

The actual results were a resounding defeat for the Fascist DVFP's Ludendorf, the last-place finisher, who thereafter withdrew from politics. 

"Des Feldherrn Abgesang" by Ernst Schilling in Simplicissimus, Munich, Apr. 20, 1925

I strongly suspect that in breaking up the German word "verlassen" in the dialogue, Schilling was making a pun of some sort. If so, there is a vulgar insult "aase" which can mean "bitch" or "swine." (Actually, no. Update below*)

Turning back to America:

"Unbegrenzte Möglichkeiten" by Werner Hahmann, in Kladderadatsch, Berlin, Apr. 5, 1925

Don't be fooled by the printer's choice of colors in Werner Hahmann's cartoons (or a certain saint's day this past week) into mistaking the character on the right is supposed to be Irish. I believe that the hatpin signifies that she is supposed to be a feminist, a harridan in men's clothing.

The six-pointed stars on Uncle Sam's suitcoat are no accident, by the way.

An explanatory note above Hahmann's cartoon states that moves to prohibit the import, production, and sale of tobacco were gaining popularity in the U.S. It is true that there were anti-tobacco activists agitating on the apparent success of the temperance movement, but they were a long way from convincing elected representatives in government to join their cause. 

Tobacco interests weren't giving up without a fight; why do you think that everybody in motion pictures of the era happened to be smokers?

"That New York Mastodon Find" by Orville P. Williams for New York Evening Graphic, by March 31, 1925

Construction crews unearthed a two-foot long jaw bone of a mastodon and other bone fragments during excavation for an apartment building at #2 Seaman Street in Manhattan on March 25.

The beast was believed to have been a baby of the species, but was still considerably larger than a donkey. The first bones in this find were from the mastodon's three-foot-long jaws, including seven of its six-inch-long teeth. At least three of the teeth were seized by passers-by, although one of them was eventually returned to the American Museum of Natural History.

Williams used the find to point out the Democratic Party's misfortunes since Woodrow Wilson's presidency. The Democrats' years in the wilderness would continue as long as Republicans could point to a strong economy and a soaring stock market.

Which brings us full circle.

"The April Fool Pocketbook" by Tom Foley in Minneapolis Daily Star, April 1, 1925

_____________

* My friend Winfried Schmidpott tells me that the dialogue in Schilling’s cartoon references a Bavarian-Austrian song. You can hear Arnold Schoenberg's arrangement of it here. 

Toon: Portrait of the Dorian Trump

In 2019, The Colorado Republican Party commissioned a portrait of Donald Trump to hang in the state capitol along with those of previous presidents of the United States. Sometime this week, while the rest of his maladministration was scrambling to explain why top-level officials had invited the editor of The Atlantic to join their conversation on an unsecure web app about bombing Yemen, Trump became aware of the $10,000 painting.

And he didn't like it.

So he took to Trump Social to complain.

As my colleague J.P. Trostle observed, the portrait does make Trump look like one of those official portraits of Soviet apparatchiks in the mid-20th Century. And appropriately so.

Anyway, Colorado Republicans know better than to incur the wrath of Mercurial Authoritarian Donald Joffrey Trump, so they are taking the portrait down to see if someone can produce a more accurate one.

How about Jane Rosenberg?

Q Toon: A Message from Don Trumpleone

Just when I hoped I could take a break from drawing cartoons criticizing the Trump regime, they pull me back in...

In the spirit of March Madness, the Trump Maladministration has been doing a full-court press against academia, arresting and deporting students and faculty.

Of particular interest to LGBTQ+ collegians (and perhaps my readers at Philadelphia Gay News), the Trumpsters also successfully pressured the University of Pennsylvania to reverse its policy allowing a transgender athlete to compete as her true self.

WASHINGTON -- The Trump administration has suspended approximately $175 million in federal funding for the University of Pennsylvania over the participation of a transgender athlete in its swimming program, the White House said Wednesday. [17.5% of UPenn's total federal funding]

The Ivy League school has been facing an Education Department investigation focusing on in its swimming program. That inquiry was announced last month immediately after President Donald Trump signed an executive order intended to ban transgender athletes from competing in girls' and women's sports.

But the federal money was suspended in a separate review of discretionary federal money going to universities, the White House said. The money that was paused came from the Defense Department and the Department of Health and Human Services.

The Education Department, or what little is left of it, has also opened reviews of San Jose State University volleyball and the Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletic Association.

UPenn is the alma mater of swimmer Lia Thomas, who won a Division I title for the school in 2022. Having begun the process of gender reassignment after the onset of puberty, she has since been barred from further athletic competition by World Aquatics, and has been ineligible to compete in  trials for next year's Olympic games. Trump maladministration diktat will, of course, force all transgender youth to wait until adulthood to align their outer gender with their inner one.

Another Trumpster offer UPenn couldn't refuse resulted in the firing of Lecturer Dwayne Booth, who draws under the nom de toon Mr. Fish. Booth has incurred right-wing ire for publishing cartoons critical of the Netanyahu government's wholesale slaughter of Palestinians — especially the one in this blog post. (Nota bene: If one is going to draw Israeli government officials drinking wine, it had better be Chablis or Pinot Grigio.)

The above is only a hint of the authoritarian police state that the U.S. has now become under Trump. His ICE is now disappearing legal residents of this country who have deigned to speak up on behalf of the Palestinian people: Khalil Mahmoud at Columbia, Badar Khan Suri at Georgetown, and Rumeysa Ozturk at Tufts for just three examples (Mahmoud for organizing campus protests; Suri because of his father-in-law's former association with Hamas; Ozturk merely for co-authoring an op-ed). 

The Trumpsters promise more such extra-judicial arrests, and want universities to ban the wearing of masks in order for police surveillance to identify anyone else attempting to exercise their right of free speech. Only the arresting agents from Homeland Security are entitled to keep their faces hidden.

For now, they have been disappearing foreign-born protesters and op-editorialists who mistook the United States for a free country. But at some point, the shadowy, masked government goons jumping out of black vans will be abducting native-born citizens for daring to voice thoughtcrime, too.

This Week's Sneak Pique

We have nominally non-partisan elections coming up here in the Dairy State next week, and the airwaves have been flooded with attack ads for the two candidates for Wisconsin Supreme Court.

Both candidates accuse each other of letting sex offenders off with light sentences. 

It has been the successful tactic of Republican judicial candidates here for decades. Outside groups have also weighed in; they used to tell viewers to “tell” Candidate X to stop being so lenient to criminals— ignoring the fact that the surest way to get Candidate X to stop being so lenient to criminals is to elect him or her to the Supreme Court, where they will never pass sentence on a criminal again.

The tactic has been mitigated only very recently as younger voters, mostly female, have noticed that Republican judges have no respect for their reproductive rights. We have also noticed that when it comes to the actions of our lopsidedly Republican legislature, the Republican justices are nothing remotely resembling "non-partisan."

We are waiting to see how the mutual accusations of criminal-coddling play out this time. Judge Susan Crawford also claims that Judge Brad Schimmel will return Wisconsin's 1849 anti-abortion law to effect, and that he bears (some of) the responsibility for the backlog of untested rape evidence kits that built up while he was Attorney General.

In past election cycles, the Koch Brothers have been the major out-of-state funders of third-party advertising supporting Republican judicial candidates, setting new campaign spending records every year. This year, Elon Musk has stepped into that role, also repeating his 2024 tactic of bribing voters. He's only offering $100 this time, not the $1million he dangled in front of swing state voters for Trump, but it's not as if Schimmel is a 34-time convicted felon who fomented a riot at the U.S. Capitol, pushed snake oil during a worldwide epidemic, and swiped hundreds of classified documents last time he left the White House. 

Oh, and it's not technically offering bribes for votes. No, Musk is merely paying voters to sign his phony petition against activist judges. Just give him your name and address. He's already got your Social Security number.

By the way it just so happens that Musk's Tesla company is suing the state of Wisconsin over a law preventing him from opening Tesla dealerships here.